![]() ![]() The latter correspond to microbicides, i.e. This includes educational efforts and application of mechanical and/or chemical barrier methods. Thus, other prevention strategies are urgently needed. ![]() ![]() Although the incidence of transmission per unprotected coital act is estimated to be low (0.0001 – 0.004), but strikingly increased when acutely infected individuals are involved, the cumulative effect is overwhelming.Īnti-HIV-1 vaccines applicable to global immunization programs are not expected to become available for many years. Most new infections have been acquired by the mucosal route, heterosexual transmission playing the major (≈ 80%) role. To date the number of individuals living with HIV-1 infection/AIDS has reached 40 million, and ≈ 30 million people have already died from AIDS since the beginning of the pandemic. In 2003 there were 5 million new HIV infections, and 3 million AIDS deaths. The global AIDS epidemic has proceeded relentlessly for ≈ 24 years with no promising prophylactic intervention in sight. These results suggest the possibility of producing an anti-HIV-1 microbicide from inexpensive, widely available sources, whose safety has been established throughout centuries, provided that its quality is adequately standardized and monitored. The resulting complex blocks virus binding to CD4 and CXCR4/CCR5 and inhibits infection by primary virus clades A to G and group O. HIV-1 entry inhibitors from pomegranate juice adsorb onto corn starch. A selected complex was assayed for inhibition of infection by primary HIV-1 isolates. To remove most colored juice components, the adsorption of the effective ingredient(s) to dispersible excipients and other foods was investigated. The best juice was tested for inhibition of: (1) infection by HIV-1 BaL, utilizing CCR5 as the cellular coreceptor and (2) binding of gp120 IIIB and gp120 BaL, respectively, to CXCR4 and CCR5. Methodsįruit juices were screened for inhibitory activity against HIV-1 IIIB using CD4 and CXCR4 as cell receptors. Already marketed pharmaceutical excipients or foods, with established safety records and adequate anti-HIV-1 activity, may provide this option. To prevent an analogous dichotomy, microbicides should be: acceptable accessible affordable and accelerative in transition from development to marketing. Antiretroviral chemotherapeutics have decreased AIDS mortality in industrialized countries, but only minimally in developing countries. In the absence of vaccines, topical microbicides, expected to block virus transmission, offer hope for controlling the pandemic. About 80% of infections occur by heterosexual transmission. For ≈ 24 years the AIDS pandemic has claimed ≈ 30 million lives, causing ≈ 14,000 new HIV-1 infections daily worldwide in 2003. ![]()
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